{"id":43,"date":"2017-10-30T11:25:11","date_gmt":"2017-10-30T10:25:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clases.jesussoto.es\/?p=43"},"modified":"2017-10-30T11:25:11","modified_gmt":"2017-10-30T10:25:11","slug":"efm-ecuacion-diferencial-exacta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/?p=43","title":{"rendered":"EFM: Ecuaci\u00f3n diferencial exacta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Decimos que la ecuaci\u00f3n diferencial $P( x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy = 0$ es exacta si $\\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial y}=\\frac{\\partial Q}{\\partial x}$. Este tipo de ED, bajo determinadas condiciones, tendr\u00e1 como soluci\u00f3n $u(x,y)=c$. <\/p>\n<p>Para encontrar la soluci\u00f3n podemos ver que se cumplir\u00e1$$\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial x}=P,$$<br \/>\ny, por tanto,$$u(x,y)=\\int P(x,y)\\,dx+g(y).$$<\/p>\n<p>Ahora necesitamos conocer qui\u00e9n ser\u00e1 $g(y)$, para ello utilizamos que<br \/>\n$$\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial y}=Q,\\mbox{ y }\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial y}=\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial y}\\left(\\int P(x,y)\\,dx\\right)+g&#8217;(y),$$<br \/>\nluego<br \/>\n$$Q(x,y)=\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial y}\\left(\\int P(x,y)\\,dx\\right)+g&#8217;(y).$$<br \/>\nEs decir,<br \/>\n$$g(y)=\\int Q(x,y)\\,dy-\\int\\left(\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial y}\\left(\\int P(x,y)\\,dx\\right)\\right)\\,dy$$<br \/>\nYa solo nos resta sustituir en<br \/>\n$$u(x,y) = \\int P(x,y)\\,dx+g(y)$$<br \/>\ne igualarlo a una constante.<\/p>\n<p>Si ahora lo que deseamos es encontrar la soluci\u00f3n a un problema de valor inicial con $y(x_0)=y_0$, para la soluci\u00f3n $u(x,y)=c$, ser\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p>$$u(x,y) = \\int_{x_0}^x P(t,y) \\mathrm{d}t + \\int_{y_0}^y Q(x_0,t)\\mathrm{d}t.$$<\/p>\n<p>Si adem\u00e1s $Q(x_0,y_0)\\neq 0$, entonces el problema de valor inicial<br \/>\n$$\\left\\{\\begin{array}{ll} P( x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy = 0, \\\\ y(x_0)=y_0, \\end{array}\\right.$$ tiene soluci\u00f3n \u00fanica, que est\u00e1 definida por la ecuaci\u00f3n $u(x,y)=0$.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00e9is ver esto y lo del d\u00eda anterior en el siguiente <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Ecuaciones_diferenciales_ordinarias\/Ecuaciones_diferenciales_de_primer_orden\/Ecuaciones_diferenciales_exactas\" target=\"_blank\">enlace<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table id=\"yzpi\" width=\"100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" bgcolor=\"#999999\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100%\"><strong>Ejercicio:<\/strong> Resolver la ecuaci\u00f3n diferencial $$(2\\sin y-6xy^2)\\, dx+(2x\\cos y-6x^2y)\\, dy.=0.$$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Decimos que la ecuaci\u00f3n diferencial $P( x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy = 0$ es exacta si $\\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial y}=\\frac{\\partial Q}{\\partial x}$. Este tipo de ED, bajo determinadas condiciones, tendr\u00e1 como soluci\u00f3n $u(x,y)=c$. Para encontrar la soluci\u00f3n podemos ver que se cumplir\u00e1$$\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial x}=P,$$ y, por tanto,$$u(x,y)=\\int P(x,y)\\,dx+g(y).$$ Ahora necesitamos conocer qui\u00e9n ser\u00e1 $g(y)$,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/?p=43\">Seguir leyendo <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">EFM: Ecuaci\u00f3n diferencial exacta<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43\/revisions\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/curso17.jesussoto.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}